Which anti-aging raw material will replace NMN》
June 24, 2024
At present, the anti-aging field is experiencing a wave of innovation, what are the hot anti-aging raw materials on the market, and what are the differences in their anti-aging mechanisms？
1.Ergothioneine
Ergothioneine (EGT) is a naturally occurring amino acid, and in 1909, Charles Tanret, while studying the ergot fungus that destroys rye grains, isolated a unique crystalline sulfur-containing compound, which was subsequently named ergothioneine.
1) Antioxidant effect: EGT is an effective free radical scavenger, EGT can directly remove a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and active nitrogen (RNS), including singlet oxygen, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, etc., to reduce their damage to cell components.
2) Maintain genomic stability: ergothione can directly absorb light in the ultraviolet range, and can repair DNA in cells irradiated by ultraviolet light, and is a physiological protective agent against ROS generation and damage caused by ultraviolet light.3) Influence epigenetic modification: EGT may indirectly affect DNA and RNA methylation and histone modification by affecting REDOX states within cells.4) Regulation of Sirttuin pathway: Sirttuin is a class of NAD+ dependent deacetylase. EGT interacts with Sirttuin pathway to regulate senescence. EGT can protect endothelial cells from senescence caused by high glucose treatment, and plays a role by up-regulating SIRT1 and SIRT6.
There are three ways to obtain ergothionein, mushroom extraction, chemical synthesis and synthetic biology, among which synthetic biology fermentation is the most popular method at present.
2.New NAD+ precursor: trigonelline
Trigonelline, the scientific name is trimethylxanthine, belongs to a pyridine alkaloid, mainly from the leguminous plant trigonelline. In addition to fenugreek, this alkaloid is also found in coffee beans and is the second most abundant alkaloid in coffee beans, after caffeine. Trigonelline is also distributed in a small amount in soybean, alfalfa, mulberry leaves and other plants.
Studies have shown that supplementing trigonelline can increase NAD+ levels and increase mitochondrial activity, helping to improve the aging process. Specifically, triangelline promotes the biosynthesis of NAD+ through the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyl transferase /Preiss-Handler pathway, and then enhances the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria and activates the Sirttuin pathway by increasing the level of NAD+, thus affecting cell metabolism, DNA repair and cell cycle processes
3.Spermidine
Spermidine, an amino acid that can delay aging, is a promoter of the autophagy process of cells and the function of mitochondria (the place where cells produce energy). Studies have shown that autophagy is the main mechanism of spermidine to delay aging, autophagy is a cleaning mechanism in the cell, by forming a double-layer membrane structure of autophagy vesicles to wrap the damaged organelles and proteins, and send them to the lysosome for degradation and recycling. Impaired autophagy can aggravate oxidative damage and thus accelerate aging. It also causes cellular protein construction to run amokay, reduces cellular energy production by controlling mitochondrial function, and causes other biochemical reactions associated with accelerated cellular aging [4].
As we age, the amount of spermidine in our body's cells decreases. Supplementation with exogenous spermidine can reverse adverse age-related changes and delay aging, so there is an increasing demand for dietary supplements containing spermidine.
4.quercetin
Quercetin, named after quercetum (quercetum), has been in use since 1857 and is a naturally occurring polar auxin transport inhibitor classified as flavonol (one of six subclasses of flavonoid compounds). Quercetin is widely found in vegetables and fruits, such as apples, berries, tomatoes, grapes, Onions, etc., in addition, it is also found in medicinal plants, such as ginkgo biloba, forsythia, etc.
5.Lipoic acid
Lipoic acid, also known as alpha - lipoic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that exists naturally in cells and has good fat and water solubility, so it can be quickly absorbed by cells and quickly utilized. Lipoic acid can be converted into dihydrolipoic acid in the body. Studies have shown that lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid can directly remove reactive oxygen species, active nitrogen and chelating metal ions, regenerate other endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E, and play an antioxidant role by repairing oxidative damage. It is also because of the recycling effect of lipoic acid, some health brands call it "reducing agent of reducing agent".